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📚 This is the overview. « pouvoir » is taught level by level — pick your CEFR level below for a full lesson (explanation, pronunciation, exercises & games).
Pouvoir conjugation made simple: full conjugation charts to conjugate the French verb pouvoir (can / to be able to) in every major tense — présent, passé composé, imparfait, futur and more — with audio for each form. Pouvoir is the modal verb behind polite requests like « pouvez-vous… ? », so this is a conjugation to master early.
The same verb grows with your level — from your first words to real native slang.
Five phrases with « pouvoir » — guess before the reveal. Practise with the free games → Open this short as a page — transcript included →
A complete conjugaison table is only useful if you know which rows matter, so here is the learner’s guide to the verb forms above. The main tenses for pouvoir in daily speech: present (je peux — and the fossilised inversion « puis-je ? » for very formal questions), passé composé with avoir (j’ai pu — never être), imperfect, and the future. The conditionnel (je pourrais) is the politeness workhorse — “could” — and the subjonctif (que je puisse) follows expressions of wish and doubt: « pour que je puisse venir ». Note the 3rd person singular il peut vs the plural ils peuvent — the stem vowel changes, the classic trap of this conjugation in French.
Grammar notes a native speaker applies without thinking: in the negative, pouvoir often drops pas in careful writing (« je ne peux vous dire ») — but everyday French keeps it: « je ne peux pas ». The English translation splits three ways — can (ability), may (permission), might (possibility) — and French uses pouvoir for all three, with context carrying the difference. That is why this page pairs the complete table with examples rather than a rule per row: the active skill is picking the right tense, and daily exposure to the forms — reading them aloud, once a day, top to bottom — teaches the pattern faster than any online drill. Bookmark this page of the website as your reference table, and let the games below test what stuck.
Same tense, different register: je peux is standard, puis-je is the elegant inversion reserved for formal questions — « puis-je vous aider ? ». Never say *peux-je*.
« Je pourrais » (conditionnel) for could-as-possibility or polite requests, « je pouvais » (imperfect) for could-as-past-ability, and « j’ai pu » for managed-to.
Pouvoir’s subjonctif uses the old stem puiss- : « qu’il puisse », « pour que tu puisses ». You’ll meet it after il faut que and pour que — and in the set phrase « puissiez-vous… » in literature.
___ -vous répéter, s’il vous plaît ? (pouvoir, present)
Pouvez
Hier, je n’ai pas ___ dormir. (pouvoir, past participle)
pu
Si j’avais le temps, je ___ voyager. (pouvoir, conditional)
pourrais
___ -vous m’aider, s’il vous plaît ? (polite conditional)
Pourriez
Il se peut qu’il ___ raison. (subjunctive of avoir)
ait
Pouvoir (to be able to) — Present Tenseje ___ (Pouvoir — present)
peux
tu ___ (Pouvoir — passé composé)
as pu
il ___ (Pouvoir — imperfect)
pouvait
nous ___ (Pouvoir — future)
pourrons
vous ___ (Pouvoir — conditional)
pourriez
Go further: this chart is one small piece — get the full picture in our guide Master the present tense — the full beginner guide.
The conjugation of pouvoir matters because this irregular French verb covers several everyday jobs:
Pouvoir is always followed by an infinitive — conjugate pouvoir, leave the second verb unchanged. The charts above give the full verb conjugation in every mood — indicative (present tense, passé composé, imperfect, future), conditional, subjunctive and imperative — with audio so you can conjugate pouvoir with the right pronunciation.
je peux, tu peux, il / elle peut, nous pouvons, vous pouvez, ils / elles peuvent. Full charts for every tense are above, each form with audio.
pu — the passé composé is « j’ai pu ». Pouvoir uses avoir as its auxiliary verb.
« je pourrai » — the future stem never changes across persons, only the endings do.
to be able / can. It is one of the essential French verbs — drill the present first, then the passé composé; those two tenses carry most conversations.
Games built from this exact page — turn what you just read into play:

« pouvoir » at every CEFR level — the tense, its forms and the mechanic that makes it stick. Practise it with the free games →