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📚 This is the overview. « être » is taught level by level — pick your CEFR level below for a full lesson (explanation, pronunciation, exercises & games).
Être conjugation made simple: full conjugation charts to conjugate the French verb être (to be) in every major tense — présent, passé composé, imparfait, futur and more — with audio for each form. Also written « etre » without the accent. Être is the most common verb in French — and the auxiliary behind many compound tenses, so this is a conjugation to master early.
The same verb grows with your level — from your first words to real native slang.
Five phrases with « être » — guess before the reveal. Practise with the free games → Open this short as a page — transcript included →
Être is the most irregular verb in French — no other verb form family drifts this far from its infinitive — and the one French verb conjugation you cannot postpone, because half of french grammar routes through it. Each subject pronoun takes its own shape in the present indicative: je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils sont. Six forms of être, six words to memorize outright; every table above builds on them, and french speakers conjugate them below conscious thought.
The twist that matters most: être is also an auxiliary. Every compound past tense in French picks être or avoir as its helper — most verbs in french take the auxiliary verb avoir, but movement and change-of-state verbs (aller, venir, naître…) and all reflexives build their past with être: « je suis allé », « elle s’est levée ». And être itself? It takes avoir: the passé composé is « j’ai été » with the past participle été — the French equivalent of the present perfect “I have been”. Stack the same logic through the tenses and moods and you get the pluperfect « j’avais été » (I had been), the past conditional « j’aurais été » (I would have been), and the rest of the past and future architecture in the tables above.
Two register notes to finish the map. Formal french writing still uses the passé simple (je fus) — recognise it in novels, never speak it. And the word être doubles as a noun: un être humain, a human being. If you want one drill to improve your French this week: read the present tense aloud daily until vous êtes and ils sont come out without translation — the conjugation rules for every other tense conjugation assume these six are reflex, and tense in french generally makes sense only once être is automatic. That is the honest way to speak french past the beginner line: not more verb tables, but this one table made permanent.
« J’ai été » — être takes avoir as its auxiliary, and the past participle is été (invariable). « Je suis été » is never correct.
Movement/change-of-state verbs (aller, venir, arriver, partir, naître, mourir…) and every reflexive verb: « je suis venu », « elle s’est couchée ». Their past participles agree with the subject — the big difference from avoir verbs.
« J’étais » (imperfect) describes an ongoing past state — I was, back then. « J’ai été » (passé composé) marks a completed episode — I was, once, and it ended. The passé composé vs imparfait chart covers the full rule.
Tu ___ français ? (être, present)
es
Ils ___ contents hier soir. (être, imperfect)
étaient
Je suis content que tu ___ là. (être, subjunctive)
sois
___ sage ! (imperative (tu))
Sois
Ils ___ sur le point de partir. (present)
sont
Être (to be) — Present Tenseje ___ (Être — present)
suis
tu ___ (Être — passé composé)
as été
il ___ (Être — imperfect)
était
nous ___ (Être — future)
serons
vous ___ (Être — conditional)
seriez
Go further: this chart is one small piece — get the full picture in our guide Master the present tense — the full beginner guide.
The conjugation of être matters because this irregular French verb covers several everyday jobs:
Être is also the auxiliary for movement and reflexive verbs, and the backbone of the passive voice. The charts above give the full verb conjugation in every mood — indicative (present tense, passé composé, imperfect, future), conditional, subjunctive and imperative — with audio so you can conjugate être with the right pronunciation.
je suis, tu es, il / elle est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils / elles sont. Full charts for every tense are above, each form with audio.
été — the passé composé is « j’ai été ». Être uses avoir as its auxiliary verb.
« je serai » — the future stem never changes across persons, only the endings do.
to be. It is one of the essential French verbs — drill the present first, then the passé composé; those two tenses carry most conversations.
Games built from this exact page — turn what you just read into play:


« être » at every CEFR level — the tense, its forms and the mechanic that makes it stick. Practise it with the free games →