French ordinals run on a single suffix: take the number, add -ième. Trois → troisième. Dix → dixième. Mille → millième. The entire system has exactly one real rebel — premier — plus four tiny spelling adjustments.
The quick version — the full lesson is below. More shorts →
| Number | Ordinal | Watch for |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | premier / première | the only real irregular — and the only one that agrees in gender |
| 2 | deuxième | « second(e) » exists too — see FAQ |
| 4 | quatrième | silent e drops: quatre → quatrième |
| 5 | cinquième | u appears to keep the hard k sound |
| 9 | neuvième | f softens to v |
| 21 | vingt et unième | only the last part changes |
1er / 1re, then 2e, 3e, 10e — just an e, not “-ème” or “-th” hybrids. Le 7e art = cinema; le 16e = a posh Paris arrondissement.
Four traps English speakers fall into on autopilot:
— Bonjour, je cherche le cabinet du docteur Morel, s’il vous plaît.
— C’est au troisième étage, deuxième porte à gauche.
— Le troisième… il y a un ascenseur ?
— Oui, au fond du couloir. Mais il s’arrête au deuxième — le dernier étage, c’est par l’escalier.
Note the pattern: au + ordinal + étage for locations, bare ordinal for doors — deuxième porte à gauche. And once étage has been said, French drops it: il s’arrête au deuxième — the bare ordinal carries the floor on its own.
French secondary school counts down, not up. Pupils enter collège in sixième at age 11, then descend — cinquième, quatrième, troisième — before lycée finishes the countdown: seconde, première, and la terminale, the only year that drops ordinals altogether. So a teenager « en première » is one year from the bac, not a beginner. Ask a French kid « Tu es en quelle classe ? » and enjoy doing the mental arithmetic.
Trains run on ordinals too: you travel en première or en seconde — no article — and this is the one context where seconde beats deuxième every single time.
Interchangeable in practice. Style guides reserve second(e) for series of exactly two (la Seconde Guerre mondiale), deuxième when more follow — a nuance even the French shrug about. Second is pronounced “segond”.
Ordinals moonlight as fractions from 5 up: un cinquième (1/5). But 1/2 = la moitié, 1/3 = un tiers, 1/4 = un quart — the common ones have their own words.
Counting from zéro to mille — including the famous quatre-vingt-dix-neuf — is its own lesson: French numbers 100-1000.

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