Quoting people directly is easy; French conversation prefers reporting: « Il a dit que… » The price is a systematic tense shift — one table, learned once.
The quick version — the full lesson is below. More shorts →
Every reported statement needs que: « Elle dit qu’elle est fatiguée. » With a PRESENT reporting verb, nothing shifts. The machinery only starts when the reporting verb is past.
« Ferme la porte ! » → Il m’a dit de fermer la porte. No tense gymnastics — the imperative flattens to de + infinitive (negative: de ne pas fermer).
Pronouns and time markers shift with the viewpoint: « Je viendrai demain » reported a week later → il a dit qu’il viendrait le lendemain (the next day). Aujourd’hui → ce jour-là, hier → la veille.
Il a dit que… il a dit que… — grammatically fine, stylistically beige. French swaps in a more precise verb, and the shift machinery stays exactly the same:
— Tu as vu Paul hier ?
— Oui. Il m’a dit qu’il avait trouvé un boulot à Lyon et qu’il partirait en septembre.
— Sérieux ? Et la fête de samedi ?
— Il a demandé si tu venais. Et il m’a dit de ne pas oublier le gâteau.
One tiny bit of gossip, the whole system: passé composé → plus-que-parfait (avait trouvé), futur → conditionnel (partirait), a yes/no question → si, an order → de + infinitive. When you can relay news like this without pausing, the lesson has done its job.
Now a secret natives won’t volunteer: in casual speech, when the statement is still true right now, the shift often stays home. « Il m’a dit qu’il vient ce soir » — technically présent where the table wants imparfait, but nobody blinks, because tonight hasn’t happened yet. In writing, in exams, and whenever the information is no longer current, apply the table. Speak relaxed, write strict — very French, really.
The conditional IS the future-of-the-past — same stem, imparfait endings. Meet it properly in the French conditional.
It’s the designated “past before the past”: the plus-que-parfait — reported speech is its natural habitat.
Que + conjugated clause for statements; de + infinitive for reported COMMANDS. If someone was told TO DO something, it’s de. Question mechanics: asking questions in French.

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