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French Object Pronouns: Le, La, Les or Lui, Leur?

2 min read · By Xavier LeroyA2
Je le vois but je lui parle — how to pick between direct (le, la, les) and indirect (lui, leur) object pronouns, where they go, and the double-pronoun order.

In this article, you'll learn

✓ Direct: le, la, l’, les ✓ Indirect: lui, leur ✓ Where does the pronoun go? ✓ Two pronouns? Fixed order

« Tu as appelé ta mère ? — Oui, je lai appelée. » French replaces nouns with tiny pronouns that jump in front of the verb. The only real decision is: direct or indirect?

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The quick version — the full lesson is below. More shorts →

Direct: le, la, l’, les

If the verb connects to its object with no preposition, use a direct pronoun:

  • Je vois Marie → Je la vois. — I see her.
  • Tu prends le bus ? → Tu le prends ? — Do you take it?
  • Il aime ses voisins → Il les aime. — He likes them.

Indirect: lui, leur

If the verb needs à before a person — parler à, téléphoner à, répondre à, donner à, dire à — use lui (him or her) and leur (them):

  • Je parle à Paul → Je lui parle.
  • Elle téléphone à ses parents → Elle leur téléphone.

The trap: some verbs are direct in French but indirect in English, and vice versa. Regarder and écouter take NO à (je l’écoute — I listen to him), while téléphoner DOES (je lui téléphone — I phone him).

Where does the pronoun go?

  • Before the conjugated verb: Je le connais. / Je ne le connais pas.
  • Before the infinitive when there is one: Je vais le faire. (not « je le vais faire »)
  • In the passé composé, before avoir: Je l’ai vu.

Two pronouns? Fixed order

me / te / nous / vous come first, then le / la / les, then lui / leur: « Tu me le donnes ? » but « Je le lui donne. » You will mostly meet these in set phrases — don’t memorise tables, collect examples.

FAQ

Is it « je lui vois » or « je le vois »?

Je le vois. Voir is direct (voir quelqu’un, no à). Lui is only for à-verbs: je lui parle, je lui écris.

Why « je l’ai appelée » with an extra -e?

With avoir, the participle agrees with a direct object placed BEFORE the verb. La → l’ triggers appelée. Indirect lui/leur never triggers agreement.

What about y and en?

They replace à + thing and de + thing. They have their own lesson: en vs y — and the à/de verb families are mapped in à vs de.

Quick practice

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